Dental plugger



(No Model.)

P. C. MORSE. lDLNTAL PLUGGER.

No. 381,844. Patented Apr. 24, 1888.

---FII mmm-mmmnm-m-mn UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

PRESTON C. MORSE, OF NATIOK, MASSACHUSETTS.

DENTAL. PLUGGER.

SPECIFIC'ATION forming part of Letters Patent N o. 381,844, dated April24, 1888.

Applicationl filed June 18, 1887.

To aZZ whom it may concern.'

Be it known that I, FREsToN C. MORSE, of Natick, in the county ofMiddlesex and State of Massachusetts, a citizen of the United States,have invented a new and useful Improvement in Dental Pluggers orMallets, of which the following is a full, clear, and exact description,reference being had to the accompanying drawings, forminga part of thisspecification, in explaining its nature.

It is desirable in dental pluggers and instruments of a like nature tovibrate the plugging tool or instrument very rapidly, and with a gradedor variable power ortouch,and to confine the operating devices in verysmall compass, and my device embodies the employment, as anactuating-power, of compressed air and of spring-pressure acting inopposition to each other upon the tool orinstrument. I prefer to use thecompressed air to store power in the spring and to use the spring fordelivering the striking-blow of the hammer. Aside from the broadfeatures of the invention as above indicated, the invention furthercomprises various details of organization and construction,all of whichwill hereinafter be described.

In the drawings, Figure 1 is a View in perspective of an instrumentcontaining the features of my invention. Fig. 2 is a view, part inlongitudinal section and part in elevation, enlarged,to represent theconstruction thereof. Fig. 3 is a view in vertical central section,enlarged, to 'further illustrate its construction. Fig. 4 is a view incross section upon the d`ot ted line x x of Fig. 2. Fig. 5 is aviewnperspective of certain of the operating devices. Fig. 6 'is a View inperspective, enlarged, of a part of the valve-operating mechanism. Fig.7 is a view, enlarged, of the piston-rod. Fig. 8 is a view inperspective, enlarged, of the cylindrical valve and itsoperating-spring. Fig. 9 is a viewin perspective, enlarged, of thedevice for adjusting the tension of the actuating-spring. Fig. 10 isavie-w in perspective of a ratchet-plate attached to the case of thetool,to which reference is hereinafter made.

A is the cylindrical case, which has a long cylindrical chamber, e,containing .the principal operative parts of the device.

B is the tool or instrument. It is detachably secured by thespring-latch b to the holder Serial No. 241,69l. (No model.)

b at the forward end of the instrument, the

tool or instrument having a shank, b2, which bs, having a hole, 117,into which the inner end,

b4, of the spindle or shank extends. (See Fig. 3.) rIhis sleeve holdsthe hammer C to the end of the piston-rod, and the hammer preferably isnot secured to the end of the pistonrod b, but is free in its holder b6to transmit the impact or blow from the piston-rod and to deliver it tothe end b4 of the spindle or shank b2 of the tool. In some instances Iprefer that the striking part of the hammer C-that is, the portion of itwhich comes in contact with the end of .the shank or spindle--should belead, and I have represented in Fig. 3 the lead block c set into a holeformed therein.

D is the piston, and I have represented it as formed by the cup-packingd', preferably of leather, and of a size to fit the bore of the case A.`This packing is fastened to the piston-rod by the nuts d2 da. Thepiston-rod d is hollow, its bore forming a passage, d4, for the flow ofcompressed air from the inlet or supply ports to the chamber or cylinderd5. This pistonrod extends upward through the holding-block d, and hasthe supply or inlet holes d7 at its upper end, (see Figs. 5 and 7,)which establish connection between the chamber di, into which compressedair is admitted, as will hereinafter appear, the holes dT forming aportion of the inlet-ports of the valve. To control these ports so thatthe compressed air shall be admitted to the chamber di at the end of theforward or striking movement of the actuating-spring E, I have arrangedin the passage d* of the piston-rod a cylindrical valve, F, (see Fig.8,) which serves to ,alternately open and close the inlet-portsd7 andalso the exhaust-ports d". (See Figs. 3 and 7.) This cylindrical valveis closed at its outer end and is hollow, opening into the passage d* inthe IOO piston d, and forming a passage, f', from the inlet-ports dl,and it has a turning or torsional movement given it by means of the longcoiled springf, which is fastened at its endj' to the piston d, and atits opposite end, f4, to the valve F, and which is under sufficienttension to turn the cylindrical valve F in one direction, and also tocause it to have a longitudinal movement in the piston passage a.

In order that the inlet and exhaust passages may be opened and closed atthe proper interval, it is necessary that the valve F travel with thepiston-rod a limited distancc,and that it then have a movementindependent of the piston-rod-in other words, it is provided with afour-motion movement; and this is obtained by the movementrof thepistonrod itself, which moves it outward to close the exhaust and openthe supply passages and into a position to enable the spring f2, actingtorsionally, to turn the valve F into a position which brings its pinupon a lug or holding device, and the valve-rod then remains in thatpositionthat is, with the exhaust-passages closed and the inlet-passagesopen-until the valve is again turned and the spring f2 caused to draw orreturn it to a position to close the inlets and open the exhaustpassages. To provide the valve F with these movements, I have formedthereon, to project laterally, a pin or projection, f5, and I haveformed in the end of the piston-rod d a longitudinal recess, f6,extending from its end f, and having the comparatively wide portion, f8,and narrower portion, f, extending therefrom, there being a shoulder,fw, at the end of the narrower portion ofthe recess. (See Fig. 7.) Thisrecess receives the pin or projection f5, extending from the valve F.(See Figs. 2, 3, and 5.) There is also attached to the block df astationary curved plate, G, which has a tripping shoulder or stop, g,arranged to extend across the line of movement of the pinf.

The operation of the valve is as follows: The compressed air is admittedto the chamber d8, the piston d then being at the end of its forwardstroke, having been forced there and being held there by theactuating-spring E,which is contained in the chamber e in the case, andwhich bears against a movable collane', at one end and against thepistonD at the other. The inlet or supply ports are then open, and theprojection or pinf5 of the valve rests upon the shoulderfw of thepiston-rod. The piston is immediately moved backward, compresses theactuating-spring E, moves the piston-rod and the valve F, theinlet-ports remaining open, and the pin or projectionfc upon theshoulder 6o f10,until the pinf" is brought into contact with thetripping-incline g on the stationary plate G, when it is caused to bemoved laterally off the shoulder, thus causing the valve F to be turnedand moved off the shoulderfm, which is then, by the action of the springf2, drawn into the narrow section f of the recess to the inner endthereof. rIhis causes the inlet-ports to be closed and the exhaustportsto be opened. The compressed air in the cylinder then escapes throughthe passages di into the chamber e, which opens to the outer air, andthe actuating-spring E then serves to return the piston and piston-rodto their respective positions. Upon the reverse movement of thepiston-rod the valve F moves with it a limited distance until the pin orprojection f5, which is now at the inner end ofthe recessf, comes incontact with the shoulder g, and is arrested thereby, while thepiston-rod continues to move forward, and the projection g continues tohold the pinf, and consequently the valve F, stationary until theshoulder-f10 comes in line with the upper surface of the projectionG,when thespringfacting torsionally,throws or turns the valve F. Theprojection j5 then rests upon the shoulder f1". This causes theexhaust-ports to be 'closed and the inlet-ports to be opened, and thepiston and piston-rod to be moved backward by compressed air, as before.

To regulate the ad mission ofcom pressed air to the chamber da, l usethe hollow valve H, which has the closed inner end, 7i, arranged to shutupon the valve-seat h', surrounding the hole h2. The valve H has apassage, h3, which opens through the side openings, h, at its end intothe valve-chamber h5, about the valve H, (see Figs. 2 and 3,) and thecompressed air is supplied by means of the flexible tube h" and pipe if,which screws into the end ha ofthe instrument. This end h8 contains thevalve H, and screws into the case A. The valve H has a lengthwisemovement in its chamber, and is adapted to be held closed by theactuatingspring h, and to be opened by the push-rod h1", which extendsinto the opening h" from the valve chamber d8, (see Fig. 2,) and isadapted to be moved against the seat or solid end h of the valve. It iscaused to be moved from a point near the forward end of the instrument,in order that it may be operated from the most advantageous position formovement by the operator, which is at the point K, (see Figs. 1, 2, and3,) and the push-rod h1" is extended in the chamber a of the case A,through the block d into the section e of the chamber, where it isconnected by a stud, k, which passes through a slot, k', with the endofthe push-bar k2. This push-barhas a thumbrest,7c,and its end k4extends into a guide-hole in the block c, fastened to the end b.

As it is desirable to vary the tension of the actuating-spring E, tochange the force of the blow delivered by the tool orinstrument, Ihavemade the collar c,agai ust which it bears, adj ustable longitudinally inthe case, and itis adapted to be locked in any desired position by meansof the pawl or hook M, which extends into the slot m in the case, and ispressed by thespring m against the ratchet-plate m2. A stud, ma,

extends from the arm carrying the pawl or hook M through the slot m, andhas a knob,

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m4, by which the collar is moved and the pawl or hook'engaged ordisengaged from the teeth of the ratchet.

The joint use of compressed air and an actuating spring for deliveringblowsin rapid succession I have found to be very advantageous.

I would say that I do not limit the use of the invention todentalinstruments, but may employ it Wherever it is desired to obtain or giverapid strokes to any tool or instrument.

.Having thus fully described my invention, I claim and desire to secureby Letters Patent ofthe United Statesl. The combination, in aninstrument for dentistry 'and other purposes, of a hammer adapted tohave areciprocatingmovementimparted to it by a piston-rod, a pistoncarried by said rod and movable in a cylinder, said cylinder, and valvesfor controlling the admission and escape of compressed air thereto, andan actuating-spring for bearing against the pistonrod,whereby thepiston-rod is moved in one direction by the compressed air and in areverse direction by the actuating-spring, as and for the purposesspeciiied.

2.` The combination, in an instrument for dentistry,of a loose or freeham mer, C, adapted to receive and deliver blows by impact, with apistou rod moved in one direction by a piston actuated by compressedair, and in a reverse direction by an actuating-spring, as and for thepurposes specified.

3. The combination, in an instrument for dentistry and other purposes,of a piston-rod for communicating a blow to a hammer or otherinstrument, a piston carried thereby, a cylinder or piston-chamber, avalve for automatically controlling the intlow and escape of compressedair thereto, and an actuatingspring, E, as and for the purposesspecified.

4:. The combination, in au instrument for dentistry and other purposes,of a hollow piston contained in a case, a cylinder or pistonchamber, ahollow piston-rodv opening into said piston-chamber and provided withsupply-ports dl and escape-ports dg, and the valve F, to open and closesaid ports contained in said hollowr piston-rod, and provided withendwise and turning movements therein, as and for the purposesspecified.

5. The combination, in an instrument for dentistry and other purposes,of a case having a piston-chamber, a piston movable therein, a hollowlpiston-rod having inlet-ports di and escape-ports d, accmpressed-air-supply charnber, d, a hollow valve, F, contained in saidchamber, and having holes which register with the inlet and exhaustports, the pin or stud f5, extending from the valve, the valve-actuatingspring f", the shoulder f1 upon the hollow piston-rod, and the stop gand incline g, as and for the purposes specified.

6. The combination, in an instrument for dentistry, of a piston adaptedto be moved in one direction by compressed air and in a reversedirection by an actuating-spring, a piston-chamber in which said pistonis moved, an air-supply chamber connected with the piston-chamber byinlet-ports, a valve controlling said inlet-ports, and a valvecontrolling the air-supply passage to the said charnber, as and f or thepurposes specified.

7. In an instrument for dentistry and other purposes, a piston adaptedto be moved in a piston-chamber in one direction by compressed air, anda valve for regulating the supply of compressed air furnished thepiston-chamber through a supply tube or passage, and a valveactuatingdevice having an arm or push-rod extended to a location near theoperating end of said instrument, as and for the purposes described.

8. The combination, i'u an instrument for dentistry and other purposes,of a case, A, supporting a tool, B, said tool B, and a reciprocatingpiston-rod contained in said case and arranged to strike the end of saidtool B in each reeiprocation, adapted to be moved in one direction bycompressed air and in the opposite direction by an actuating-spring, apiston carried by said rod, a tube for supplying compressed air to thepistonchamber,and a valve for controlling the air-supply passage, as andfor the purposes described.

9. The combination, in an instrument for dentistry and other purposes,of a tool, B, loosely attached to its holder, a loose or free hammerinterposed between the end of the tool and the reciprocating piston-rod,a reciprocating piston-rod having a piston contained in a piston-chamberin a case, said pistonchamber, an automatic valve for opening andclosing the inlet and exhaust passages to permit the compressed air toact to move the rod in one direction, and aspring to move the rod in areverse direction, as and for the purposes specilied.

l0. The combination, in an instrument for dentistry and other purposes,of a tool, B, loosely attached to its holder, a loose or free hammerinterposed between the end of the tool and the reciprocating piston-rod,a reciprocating piston-rod having a piston contained in thepiston-chamber, said piston-chamber, an automatic valve for opening andclosing the inlet and exhaust passages to permit the compressed air toact to move the rod in one direction, and a spring to'move the rod in areverse direction, a chamber connected with the compressed-air-supplypipe, and a valve for opening and closing the supply-passage,

whereby upon the admission of compressed air to said chamber the saidpiston-rod is immediately caused to be automatically reciprocated todeliver blows in rapid succession to the hammer, as and for the purposesdescribed.

l1. The combination, in an instrument for dentistry and other purposes,of the case A, having a compressed-air passage or chamber, d8, theair-supply tube h6, pipe k7, valve-chaluber h5,valveseat h', valve H,spring hg, and push-rod h1", as and for the purposes described.

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12. The combination, in an instrument for rutehetplnte m2, and a stud,m, as and for the dentistry and other purposes, of the l'eeipropurposesdescribed.

eating rod (Z4, adapted to be moved in one di- PRFSWT`T C MORSE rectonby compressed air,annetlmting-spring, l L 5 E, and a tension-regulatingdevice for vary- In presence of ing the tension upon the spring E,comprising F. F. RAYMOND, 2d,

the collar e', the spring pnwl or hook M, the J. M. DOLAN.

